After infection, there was no significant difference in the number of M0 (F4/80 +) cells between TRPV1−/− and WT cells (Fig. 3f); however, the number of M1 (F4/80 + CD80 +) cells was significantly higher in TRPV1−/− cells than that in WT cells (Fig. 3e, g), whereas the number of M2 (F4/80 + CD206 +) cells was lower than that in WT cells (Fig. 3e, h). Here, TRPV1 is linked to infection.