VEGFA and breast carcinoma: In breast cancer, the secretion of VEGF-A/C can activate LN lymphangiogenesis and induce lymphatic network expansion.200–202 It has also been shown that VEGF-C enhances interstitial flow in the tumor stroma, which contributes to fibroblast activation, matrix stiffening, and the bias of chemokine gradients, creating conditions favorable for CTC survival and thus promoting metastasis.195,203 Lymphangiogenesis is also associated with tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs).