AC effectively regulates amino acid metabolism in CTCs through the down-regulation of serine and glycine, thus inhibiting the proliferation of CTCs.279 Furthermore, AC suppresses the gene expression of TGF-β1, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-βR2, which inhibits the tumor-promoting M2 macrophages and Tregs, and activates the tumor-inhibiting M1 macrophages, creating a tumor-inhibiting environment.280. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.