Importantly, we observed a significant increase in both the levels of obscurin-B containing kin1 and phospho-Ser-788 N-cadherin in DCM samples relative to controls, indicating that the obscurin-kin1/phospho-Ser-788 N-cadherin axis is upregulated in human end-stage heart failure. This evidence concerns the gene CDH2 and familial dilated cardiomyopathy.