XDH and dilated cardiomyopathy: Specifically, doxorubicin has high affinity towards mitochondrial enzymes such as xanthine oxidase, NADH dehydrogenase, and cytochrome P450 reductase to generate reactive oxygen species during dilated cardiomyopathy (Bachur et al., 1979; Berlin and Haseltine, 1981; Davies and Doroshow, 1986; Takemura and Fujiwara, 2007).