Meanwhile, apoptotic chondrocytes release RNA and activate TLR3 signaling, which is one of the important mechanisms of OA progression (Stolberg-Stolberg et al., 2022), while Bsibsi et al. (2006) showed that TLR3 is induced and activated during astrocyte inflammation, leading to the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and ultimately mediating a comprehensive neuroprotective response (Bsibsi et al., 2006), which seems to explain the potential protective effect of OA against various subtypes of dementia. This evidence concerns the gene TLR3 and dementia.