TNF and temporal arteritis: Serum TNF levels correlate with disease activity in TAK.[58] Unlike that in GCA, TNFi appeared to be effective in treating TAK according to observational studies.[26] A recent retrospective multicentered observational study showed TNFi has a similar efficacy to that of tocilizumab in refractory TAK patients.[59] Interestingly, TAK patients appear to be able to tolerate higher doses of infliximab.