Notably, E. coli-related LPS drains through the portal vein and arrives in the liver through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, driving the transition of hepatic macrophages from the M1 to M2 state in patients and animal models with NAFLD and ultimately aggravating liver injury (Carpino et al., 2020). The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.