Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) and tumor mutational burden (TMB) have emerged as key markers for predicting the efficacy and prognosis of ICIs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and the predictive role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has also received significant attention. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.