To this regard, our group has recently found that the hMENA protein, with a crucial role in CAF-cancer cell pro-tumoral cross-talk [73], sustains autocrine TGF-β1 signaling contributing to CAF activation and paracrine TGF-β1 signaling, also inducing SMAD2/3 and Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) activation in tumor cells (unpublished data). The gene discussed is SMAD2; the disease is neoplasm.