Interestingly, the diverse expression of STAT5A was found in malignant tissues of cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL), esophageal carcinoma (ESCA), glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), and thyroid carcinoma (THCA), which was significantly increased compared with normal (Fig. 1a). This evidence concerns the gene STAT5A and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.