Notably, compared with patients without outcomes, patients who developed ESRD had an earlier age of DM onset, a larger proportion of female patients, a longer duration of DM, a higher level of blood pressure, a higher prevalence of anemia, lower levels of serum ALB and eGFR, and higher levels of HbA1c, blood lipids, Scr, BUN, and urinary protein. This evidence concerns the gene ALB and anemia (phenotype).