Notably, GABA, which regulates neuro-endocrine body weight control,35,36 obesity-induced inflammation,37 insulin sensitivity37 and intestinal epithelial barrier integrity,38,39 was depleted in the feces of higher-risk GMC3 infants (PFDR = 0.041; Figure 2e). This evidence concerns the gene INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.