CCL2 and diabetes mellitus: Their inhibition has been suggested may produce favourable outcomes in DM, in particular diabetic kidney disease management.41–43 Microarray studies has revealed upregulation of VCAN & CCL2 among other genes in human aortic ECs from people with DM, which was reversed by treatment with a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor.44 Expression of VCAN and CCL2 have been linked with diabetic kidney disease and islet destruction respectively, therefore this evidence suggests their effect on the diabetic vascular should be further investigated.45,46