TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: Tanshinone IIA has also been found to inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of RA FLS in a time- and dose-dependent manner, effectively suppressing the expression of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-8 in TNF-α-induced RA FLS, primarily through the regulation of MAPK, AKT/mTOR, HIF-1, and NF-kB signaling pathways.