VEGFA and cancer: Furthermore, metabolic byproducts of cancer cells like lactic acid or succinate drive the TAM phenotype via induction of hypoxia-inducible factor 1a (HIF1a) signaling, that increases TAM expression of e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), arginase 1, found in inflammatory zone (Fizz1) and macrophage galactose-type lectin-1 (Gal-1) (146, 147).