Recently, a large retrospective study by Himuro et al., involving 189 advanced NSCLC patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including PD-1 inhibitors (nivolumab or pembrolizumab) or a PD-L1 inhibitor (atezolizumab), demonstrated a negative association between sPD-L1 changes during ICI therapy and OS. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.