TRIM41 and Parkinson disease: This immune regulatory mechanism can be connected with three other observations in development and neurodegeneration: (a) NF-κB has an important role in axon guidance in development (Gutierrez and Davies, 2011), (b) type I IFNs have additionally been implicated in development and PD (Main et al., 2016; Taylor et al., 2018; Hosseini et al., 2020), and (c) the regulation of α-synuclein by TRIM41 is relevant for presynaptic function in both development and PD.