SPP1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: We selected the top10 up‐regulated markers from POSTN+ CAFs (top10 marker genes: POSTN, COL11A1, COL10A1, INHBA, CTHRC1, THBS2, SULF1, COL12A1, PRSS23, FAP) and SPP1+ macrophages (top10 marker genes: SPP1, RNASE1, A2M, FOLR2, PLA2G7, MARCKS, NPL, ACP2, LILRB4, FAM20C) respectively and demonstrated that gene signatures for these two cell types were significantly correlated (p < .0001, R = .43, Figure 3J) in the TCGA‐NSCLC cohort.