A plethora of both domestic and international studies have substantiated that individual with PCOS manifest elevated serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory markers, notably C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor α.[42] These inflammatory mediators may exert a direct influence on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, thereby modulating follicular development, maturation, and subsequent ovulation in PCOS patients.[43] However, the etiological underpinning of this elevated inflammatory state remains elusive. Here, TNF is linked to polycystic ovary syndrome.