IL4 and neoplasm: A2M, functioning as a proteinase inhibitor, impedes proteolysis and elicits immune responses.[33,34] By binding to cytokines and growth factors such as IL-4, TGF-beta1, and VEGF, A2M can effectively impede tumor development.[35–37] Additionally, the augmentation of antigen presentation in macrophages by A2M may lead to an enhanced immune response.[38]