CD80, and CD163 are markers for M1 and M2 macrophages, respectively, whereas CD68 is a general macrophage marker.[24] The CD163/CD68 ratio is used to assess M2 polarization and M2 polarization of macrophages in tumors has been linked to metastatic disease and poor prognosis.[25,26] As shown in Figure 7A, inflammatory studies related to HNSCC, the role of TAMs in the invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression of HNSCC, and treatments targeting TAMs have been widely studied. Here, CD80 is linked to metastatic neoplasm.