Several studies have shown that LFA-1 is expressed in monocytes.[44] In a pilot study, type 1 diabetes patients with newly diagnosed disease had low levels of LFA-1 alpha chain expression and normal levels of LFA-1 b chain positive monocytes.[45] In another study, LFA-1 expression on monocytes was higher in patients with overt diabetes compared to controls, but there was a positive correlation between LFA-1 expression and islet cell autoantibody (ICA) titers. Here, ITGAL is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.