Anti-L-selectin and anti-VLA-4 antibodies have been shown to delay the development of insulitis by preventing leukocyte adhesion to inflamed blood vessels and revealing leukocyte recruitment to islets.[41] showed that administration of anti-α4 integrin and/or anti-LFA-1 antibodies inhibited b-cell destruction and protected NOD mice from spontaneous and adoptive diabetes.[40,43,121,122] Combination therapy using 2 monoclonal antibodies can prolong the onset of diabetes46. Here, ITGAL is linked to diabetes mellitus.