IL6 and colitis: A study investigated the therapeutic effect of cow and human milk derived exosomes on colitis mice, and they have found that the oral administration of cow and human milk-derived exosomes play an anti-inflammatory and therapeutic role to reduce the severity of DSS-induced UC in mice by down-regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), and also up-regulates the expression of TGF-β [138].