Moreover, immunohistochemical staining of the removed tumor tissues showed differential expression of autophagy-related proteins in the sh-UBE2S group (increased expression of Becline-1, LC3-B, ATG3; decreased expression of P62), suggesting that the above results indicated that the growth of transplanted tumors in the nude mouse with UBE2S knockdown was affected by the inhibition of autophagy. This evidence concerns the gene ATG3 and neoplasm.