FDX1 and glioblastoma: The risk score formula was derived as follows: risk score = 0.374273 × FDX1 expression + 0.211523 × LIPT1 expression + 0.671719 × SLC31A1 expression + (- 0.768527) × ATP7B expression. To investigate the predictive ability of this cuproptosis-related model in GBM patients, a total of 652 patients were selected based on the median risk score threshold and divided into high risk (n = 241) and low risk (n = 411) groups.