Our results showed elevated plasma levels of FGF, IL-6, IL-8, M-CSF, VEGF, TNF-alpha, and IL-17a, molecules previously associated with larger tumor size, metastasis, and poor prognosis31,59–62, as well as persistent HPV infection in older women with evidence of an immune deficit63,64. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL8 and neoplasm.