Genetic causes include syndromes such as familial HTG (excess very low-density lipoprotein but normal cholesterol), familial combined hyperlipidaemia characterised by polymorphisms in apolipoprotein C-II (apoC-II) or apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III); lipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency, apolipoprotein C-II deficiency, apolipoprotein AV (apoA-V) deficiency and dysbetalipoproteinemia9. Here, APOC3 is linked to hyperlipidemia.