For example, the NeoCOAST-2 trial (NCT05061550), a platform neoadjuvant trial, will evaluate the efficacy of multiple neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors such as the anti-CD73 monoclonal antibody oleclumab, the anti-NKG2A antibody monalizumab; and the PD-1/CTLA-4 bispecific antibody volrustomig in combination with chemotherapy in patients with resectable, early-stage NSCLC. This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.