ITPR1 and Rotavirus infection: By examining IP3R-null cells (both HEK293 and MA104), we have been able to differentiate two distinct types of Ca2+ signals that are induced during rotavirus infection: (i) the intracellular Ca2+ signals that occur within rotavirus-infected cells, which were IP3R-independent, and (ii) the multicellular ICWs that propagate from infected to neighboring, uninfected cells, which are IP3R-dependent.