While HCC patients with increased P2-HNF4α have a poor prognosis (13), rather than acting as an oncogene per se, P2-HNF4α may be upregulated simply due to a decrease in the expression of the tumor suppressor P1-HNF4α (7, 66) and inadvertently promote liver cancer progression via metabolic effects. Here, HNF4A is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.