• CD3+CD4+IFN-y (Th1 response): no significant difference• proportion of IL-13 expressing CD3+CD4+IL-13+ (Th2 response): significantly higher in GDM. This was reversed 6 months post-delivery so it was significantly higher in the control• CD3+CD4+IL-17+ (Th17 response): significantly higher in GDM. Six months post-delivery, there was no significant difference. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and gestational diabetes.