After 72 hours of co-culture with all the tested AML cell lines, TNAP resulted up-regulated in BMSCs both in basal (relative TNAP expression of co-cultured vs BMSCs alone: + HL-60, p=0.001; + KG-1, p=0.0028; + THP-1, p=0.032; + U-937, p=0.0178) and even more in osteoinductive conditions (relative TNAP expression of co-cultured vs BMSCs alone: + HL-60, p=0.0375; + KG-1, p=0.0138; + THP-1, p=0.0377) (Figures 1B, C). The gene discussed is ALPL; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.