Importantly, more recent studies using transfected human neuroblastoma cell lines or fibroblasts derived from ALS-FUS patients have provided strong evidence that TDP-43 and FUS cytoplasmic aggregates suppress global translation, and that mutant TDP-43 exerts this effect through direct interaction with the ribosome scaffold protein RACK1 [32, 57]. The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.