PTPN11 and liver dysplastic nodule: Based on the above observations that SHP2 inhibition with PHPS1 limited ERK/NF-κB activation and suppresed inflammation in db/db mice and in vitro condition, these results together imply that the activation of SHP2 positively regulates the ERK/NF-κB pathway to induce renal inflammation in DN, whereby promoting disease progression and renal injury.