ESRP1 and breast carcinoma: Contrarily, the positive regulation mechanism of ESRP1 expression is poorly understood, whereas the transcription factor grainyhead like transcription factor 2 (Grhl2) was shown to increase Esrp1 expression in a mouse mammary carcinoma cell line [77] and DNA hypomethylation of CpG sites in the ESRP1 promoter region was found to be significantly correlated with high ESRP1 expression in ovarian cancer cells [13] (Fig. 2).