However, another study reported contrasting results that ESRP1 promotes proliferation and tumorigenicity of colorectal cancer cells in vitro and enhances primary tumor growth in vivo [49], and ESRP1 knockdown promotes caspase-independent cell death in colon cancer cells by regulating the translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor [50]. This evidence concerns the gene ESRP1 and malignant colon neoplasm.