When the transcriptome profiles of PDA from the publicly available datasets were stratified into EN1‐high and ‐low patient groups,[29, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38] we identified the majority of genes associated with EN1 peaks were down‐regulated in EN1‐high patients (Figure 4E; Figure S4D, Supporting Information), suggesting a predominant transcriptional repressive role of EN1 in PDA cells. This evidence concerns the gene EN1 and Patent ductus arteriosus.