In general, drug classes have specific patterns of nephrotoxicity, which can be categorized by their effects on renal function (e.g., altered GFR due to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition, diabetes insipidus, renal Fanconi syndrome, pseudo-hypo-aldosteronism), or structural abnormalities causing injury to specific areas in the kidney (e.g., the glomerulus, proximal or distal convoluted tubule). This evidence concerns the gene ACE and Central diabetes insipidus.