The extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) was measured as an indicator of acidification, as a consequence of glycolysis and/or the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle, and showed a significant downregulation for siRNA-treated AML cell lines; while it remained unaffected using the S100A9 inhibitor tasquinimod (Fig. 4B, E). Here, S100A9 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.