Expression of Snap25 is upregulated by GDNF and is significantly downregulated in gut tissues of patients with diseases associated with significant reduction in GDNF-RET signaling (diverticular disease and obstructed defecation Barrenschee et al., 2015; Barrenschee et al., 2017; Kim et al., 2019). Here, GDNF is linked to diverticular disease.