Exosomes are proved that involving in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through intracellular lncRNAs, such as the NF-κB and Wnt signaling pathways (Ren et al., 2023; Hou et al., 2020), thus affecting the expression imbalance of Th17/Treg cells and leading to the damage of synovial cells. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.