ANGPTL8 may be induced by STAT3 signalling (Matsukawa et al., 2023), FFAs (Liu et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2023) or other proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α (Zhang et al., 2017) and TGFβ1, in the tumour microenvironment, and it may affect the differentiation and development of tumours through the following pathways. Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.