GNAS and cancer: Regarding the role of GNAS in the occurrence and development of cancers, numerous studies focused on the higher frequency and the driving role of GNAS mutations in IPMNs of the pancreas [[40], [41], [42], [43]], GNAS gene mutation also presented in colorectal cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinomas, small cell lung cancer, and was demonstrated to be a tumor-promoting role [[44], [45], [46]].