TNF and cancer: Prior reports have noted diverse triggers, including vaccines (e.g., hepatitis B, tetanus, and Bacillus Calmette–Guérin), viral infections (e.g., varicella, herpes zoster, and COVID-19), medications (e.g., allopurinol, amlodipine, and anti-TNF agents), trauma, arthropod bites, and malignancy [14].