Novel drivers emphasise the central importance of epigenetic modification in the development of ccRCC through SWI/SNF mediated chromatin remodelling (BRD3, ARID2), histone deubiquitination (CUL3, FBXW7) as well as the role of methylcytosine dioxygenase activity (TET1). This evidence concerns the gene CUL3 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.