IL18 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: On the other hand, Italiani and coauthors reported that IL-18 is the only cytokine from the IL-1 family that correlates with ALS and indicated that further investigations are required to define if upregulation of IL-18 in ALS is either a consequence, or one of the causes leading to the disease pathology (Italiani et al., 2014).