Mutations in several genes, namely chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) gene, tank-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1), TAR DNA-binding protein (TARDBP), valosin-containing protein (VCP), coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain-containing protein 10 (CHCHD10), and sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1) can contribute to cognitive impairment and are closely associated with both ALS and FTD [60–62]. The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is Cognitive impairment.