The JNK cascade is activated by adapter proteins in the TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF) family, such as TRAF6, which is involved in the IL-1–induced activation of JNK.126 Two ATP-competitive JNK inhibitors, SP600125 (also known as JNK inhibitor II)127 and AS601245 (JNK inhibitor V),128 have been widely employed in the cancer research, although they exhibit low specificity. The gene discussed is MAPK8; the disease is cancer.