RAF1 and cancer: Autophagy, an intracellular catabolic process, may assist cancer cells in evading from RAFi, as many RAFi-resistant cells exhibit enhanced autophagic activity.24–26 Both preclinical and clinical data suggest that inhibiting both autophagy and MAPK pathway activity may serve as a novel and effective treatment strategy for BRAF and KRAS-mutant cancers.24,25,27 In particular, Chih-Shia Lee’s group showed that targeting both RAF and autophagy genes results in the best therapeutic outcomes.