TNF and Sepsis: Autophagic inducer RAPA improved the survival rate, histologic scores, lung wet/dry weight ratio, PaO2/FiO2, MPO activity, the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, HMGB1, IL-6, IL-10, and MCP1 production in septic mice, but there were exacerbated above indicators in sepsis mice pretreated with autophagy inhibitor 3-MA [29].