CCR2 and neoplasm: Pozzi et al. [65] found that astrocytes, under the influence of the TME, upregulate the secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), which induces tumor cells to overexpress the receptor CCR2 and ultimately affects multiple adverse effects, such as immunosuppressive cell recruitment, microglial/macrophage anti-inflammatory/tumor-promoting polarization and CD8 + T cell suppression.