In vitro and in vivo studies illustrated that IL-1β is a key mediator of IL-6 induction via activation of the NF-κB pathway, subsequently activating the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 cascade and promoting tumor growth and aggressiveness (Tengesdal et al. 2021; Habanjar et al. 2023; Zhang and Veeramachaneni 2022). Here, NFKB1 is linked to neoplasm.